Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), often called Indian Winter Cherry or Indian Ginseng, is a small evergreen shrub native to India, the Middle East, and parts of Africa. Belonging to the Solanaceae (nightshade) family, this herb has been used in Ayurvedic medicine since 6000 BC (Charak Samhita, 1949) for its profound health benefits. Its species name, somnifera, translates to “sleep-inducing,” reflecting its traditional use for promoting calmness and sleep.

Ashwagandha is classified as an adaptogen, meaning it helps balance various systems in the body. To be considered an adaptogen, a herb must meet four key criteria:

• Nourishing: Provides nutritional support.

• Normalizing: Balances bodily systems, e.g., reducing high cortisol or increasing low energy.

• Non-specific: Benefits multiple systems in the body simultaneously.

• Non-toxic: Safe for long-term use.

Only 22 herbs globally meet these standards, making ashwagandha a rare and valuable addition to both human and canine health.

Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits

1. Immune System Support

Ashwagandha contains bioactive compounds like withanolides and alkaloids that stimulate immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, strengthening your dog’s ability to fight infections. Research shows it helps reduce the risk of respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal issues. Additionally, a stronger immune system promotes faster recovery from illness and reduces the need for frequent vet visits.

2. Stress and Anxiety Relief

Stress and anxiety are common in dogs, whether caused by loud noises, separation, or unfamiliar environments. Ashwagandha’s adaptogenic properties regulate cortisol levels and neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA, fostering calmness. Studies, such as the 2022 randomized trial by Jasleen Kaur et al., found ashwagandha significantly reduced stress and anxiety in dogs after four weeks, with no reported side effects.

3. Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Inflammation is a common cause of pain in conditions like arthritis, hip dysplasia, and allergies. Ashwagandha’s ability to inhibit inflammatory molecules such as cytokines and COX-2 makes it a natural anti-inflammatory. Adding it to your dog’s diet can alleviate joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, improving mobility and overall quality of life.

4. Energy and Vitality

Ashwagandha supports adrenal gland function, helping to regulate energy levels and combat fatigue. This is especially beneficial for active or working dogs, as well as those recovering from illness or surgery. It improves stamina, endurance, and overall vitality, ensuring your dog stays lively and energetic.

5. Digestive Health

Ashwagandha promotes gut health by encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria and reducing gastrointestinal inflammation. It can ease issues like gas, bloating, and diarrhea, supporting a healthier digestive system.

6. Skin and Coat Health

The herb’s anti-inflammatory properties can also soothe skin irritations, hot spots, and itching, leaving your dog with a shiny, healthy coat.

7. Antioxidant Protection

Ashwagandha’s flavonoids and phenolic compounds neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and protecting cellular health. This antioxidant activity may also have anti-aging effects, supporting longevity.

Ashwagandha is rich in carotene, vitamin C, iron, calcium, flavonoids, and essential minerals, supporting hundreds of biological functions.

Nutritional Profile

The nutritional breakdown of 200 mg of Ashwagandha can vary depending on the quality, form (root powder, extract, or standardized supplement), and processing method. However, here’s a general estimate of the nutrients found in 200 mg of Ashwagandha root powder or extract:

Macronutrients

• Calories: ~0.6 kcal

• Carbohydrates: ~0.1 g

• Protein: ~0.01 g

• Fats: ~0 g

Key Phytochemicals and Active Compounds

• Withanolides: ~1–10 mg (varies by extract potency; standardized supplements often contain higher concentrations, such as 5% or 10% withanolides).

• Alkaloids: Trace amounts (less than 1 mg, depending on preparation).

• Saponins: Trace amounts (less than 1 mg).

Vitamins and Minerals

• Vitamin C: ~0.1 mg

• Iron: ~0.1 mg

• Calcium: ~0.2 mg

• Potassium: ~0.5 mg

• Magnesium: ~0.02 mg

Fibre

• Dietary Fiber: ~0.05 g

Antioxidants

• Withaferin A: Trace amounts (typically less than 1 mg in whole root powder; higher in extracts).

• Polyphenols and Tannins: Trace amounts (varies by preparation).

Variations by Product:

• Root powder generally has lower concentrations of active compounds than standardized extracts.

• A 5% standardized extract of Ashwagandha (common in supplements) would contain ~10 mg of withanolides in 200 mg of product.

Therapeutic Focus: The effectiveness of Ashwagandha is mainly attributed to its phytochemicals, especially withanolides, rather than its basic nutritional content.

Dosing Considerations for Dogs: For therapeutic benefits, Ashwagandha supplements are often dosed at 5–15 mg of withanolides per kg of body weight per day, based on research studies. Always consult with a vet before introducing Ashwagandha into your pet’s routine.

Benefits of Ashwagandha for Dogs

1. Calming and Anti-Stress Effects

Ashwagandha is known for its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) properties. In humans, studies have shown it to have effects comparable to prescription medications like benzodiazepines (Bhattacharya et al., 2000).

• For Dogs: A 2022 study demonstrated that Ashwagandha supplementation significantly reduced cortisol levels in dogs, suggesting stress relief. Pet parents reported noticeable improvements in behaviors related to fear, anxiety, and overstimulation after just four weeks of supplementation.

2. Energy Boosting Properties

Ashwagandha supports mitochondrial function, which may enhance energy production within cells (Dar et al., 2015).

• For Dogs: While direct studies on dogs are limited, the herb’s ability to improve stamina and energy in humans suggests it could benefit active or senior dogs, especially those experiencing fatigue or low energy levels.

3. Joint Health Support

Ashwagandha has natural analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, potentially reducing discomfort in aging dogs with arthritis (Kulkarni et al., 1991).

• For Dogs: Early studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that Ashwagandha may decrease inflammation and pain, promoting better mobility. Combining it with supplements like collagen may yield even greater benefits for joint health.

4. Anti-Tumor Potential

Research on rodents indicates that Ashwagandha can inhibit tumor growth by up to 49% (Sharada et al., 1996).

• For Dogs: While direct studies on dogs are lacking, its immune-modulating properties may play a role in reducing cancer risk or supporting overall cellular health.

5. Immune System Enhancement

Ashwagandha has been shown to modulate the immune response in humans, enhancing resistance to infections and promoting overall health (Choudhary et al., 2015).

• For Dogs: Its potential to improve immune function could benefit dogs prone to allergies, skin conditions, or recurrent infections.

6.. Enhanced Digestive Health

Ashwagandha promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and reduces inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, supporting digestion and alleviating issues like gas, bloating, and diarrhea.

7. Skin and Coat Health

The herb’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties can soothe skin irritations and promote a shiny, healthy coat by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.

8. Hormonal and Thyroid Balance

Ashwagandha supports thyroid function, making it particularly useful for dogs with hypothyroidism. It also aids in hormonal balance, contributing to overall vitality.

Research on Ashwagandha for Dogs

The most notable study on Ashwagandha for dogs was conducted in 2022, involving a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Key findings included:

• Cortisol Reduction: Dogs given 15 mg/kg of Ashwagandha root extract daily showed significantly lower urine cortisol levels, a marker of stress.

• Behavioral Improvements: Pet parents observed reduced anxiety and fear-based behaviors.

• Arthritis Pain: Senior dogs with arthritis experienced noticeable reductions in pain and stiffness, improving their mobility.

These early findings suggest that Ashwagandha holds promise as a natural supplement for dogs.

Practical Tips for Using Ashwagandha for Dogs

If you’re considering incorporating Ashwagandha into your dog’s routine, here are some tips:

1. Start with a Small Dose: Begin with a low dose (e.g., 5-10 mg/kg of body weight) and monitor your dog’s response.

2. Choose High-Quality Products: Opt for organic, pet-specific Ashwagandha supplements to ensure purity and safety.

3. Mix with Food: Since Ashwagandha has a bitter taste, blending it into your dog’s meals or treats can improve palatability.

4. Combine with Other Supplements: Pairing Ashwagandha with supplements like collagen or turmeric may enhance its benefits, especially for joint health.

5. Consult Your Vet: Always consult with your veterinarian before introducing any new supplement to your dog’s diet.

Research Supporting ashwagandha’s Benefits

Kaur et al. (2022): A randomized controlled trial concluded that ashwagandha intake significantly reduced stress and anxiety in dogs, measured through UCCr (urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio) and behavioral improvements.

• Elgar (2021): This comprehensive review identified ashwagandha’s clinical benefits, including its effects on stress, inflammation, sleep quality, and arthritis.

• Multiple studies (1, 2, 3) have shown ashwagandha’s ability to inhibit COX-2 enzymes, reducing inflammation.

• Research on withanolides, the primary bioactive compounds in ashwagandha, demonstrates their immune-boosting and antioxidant properties.How to Dose Dandelion for Dogs

Dosage Guidelines

Most benefits of Ashwagandha for humans are linked to dosages of 225–600 mg per day.

• General Recommendation: 100–400 mg daily, depending on your dog’s weight.

• Cytoplan Organic Ashwagandha: Suggested dosage is 200 mg per 10 kg of body weight.

Parts Used

• The root is the primary part used for medicinal purposes due to its rich concentration of active compounds.

Common Uses

• Anxiety and stress relief.

• Immune support.

• Thyroid regulation (hypothyroidism).

Always introduce new herbs & foods gradually and monitor your dog for any signs of adverse reactions. If your dog is on any current medication, has any underlying health conditions or specific dietary requirements, consulting with a holistic veterinarian before incorporating ashwagandha into your dog’s diet is also strongly recommended.

Conclusion

Ashwagandha is a promising supplement for dogs, offering potential benefits for stress relief, joint health, immunity, and energy. While research is still evolving, early results and anecdotal evidence make it an exciting addition to holistic canine wellness. Always prioritize your dog’s safety by consulting with your holistic veterinarian before introducing any new herb to ensure it aligns with your dog’s specific health needs especially if your dog is already on medication or has any underlying health conditions and always use high-quality, clean products.